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MPEG-2 is used in Digital Video Broadcast and DVDs. The, TS, and, PS, are. MPEG-2 (a.k.a. H.222/H.262 as defined by the ) is a standard for 'the generic and associated audio information'. It describes a combination of and methods, which permit storage and transmission of movies using currently available storage media and transmission bandwidth. While MPEG-2 is not as efficient as newer standards such as and, backwards compatibility with existing hardware and software means it is still widely used, for example in over-the-air broadcasting and in the standard. Contents.
Main characteristics MPEG-2 is widely used as the format of signals that are broadcast by (over-the-air), and systems. It also specifies the format of movies and other programs that are distributed on and similar discs., DVD players, and other equipment are often designed to this standard. MPEG-2 was the second of several standards developed by the Moving Pictures Expert Group and is an international standard (/ 13818). Parts 1 and 2 of MPEG-2 were developed in a collaboration with, and they have a respective catalog number in the ITU-T Recommendation Series. While MPEG-2 is the core of most digital television and DVD formats, it does not completely specify them.
Regional institutions can adapt it to their needs by restricting and augmenting aspects of the standard. See also: and MPEG-2 includes a Systems section, part 1, that defines two distinct, but related,. One is the transport stream, a data packet format designed to transmit one data packet in four data packets for streaming digital video and audio over fixed or mobile transmission mediums, where the beginning and the end of the stream may not be identified, such as, and linear recording mediums, examples of which include /// broadcasting, and recording on tape. The other is the program stream, an extended version of the container format with less overhead than transport stream. Program stream is designed for random access storage mediums such as, and. Transport stream file formats include, which is used on discs, on re-writable DVDs and on cards.
Program stream files include on and on the short lived. The standard MPEG-2 transport stream contains packets of 188 bytes. M2TS prepends each packet with 4 bytes containing a 2-bit copy permission indicator and 30-bit timestamp.
MPEG-2 Systems is formally known as ISO/IEC 13818-1 and as ITU-T Rec. Authorized the ' Registration Authority, LLC' as the registration authority for MPEG-2 format identifiers. The registration descriptor of MPEG-2 transport is provided by ISO/IEC 13818-1 in order to enable users of the standard to unambiguously carry data when its format is not necessarily a recognized international standard. This provision will permit the MPEG-2 transport standard to carry all types of data while providing for a method of unambiguous identification of the characteristics of the underlying private data. Main article: The Video section, part 2 of MPEG-2, is similar to the previous standard, but also provides support for, the format used by analog broadcast TV systems. MPEG-2 video is not optimized for low, especially less than 1 Mbit/s at resolutions. All standards-compliant MPEG-2 Video decoders are fully capable of playing back MPEG-1 Video streams conforming to the Constrained Parameters Bitstream syntax.
MPEG-2/Video is formally known as ISO/IEC 13818-2 and as. With some enhancements, MPEG-2 Video and Systems are also used in some transmission systems, and is the standard format for over-the-air digital television.
Audio MPEG-2 introduces new audio encoding methods compared to MPEG-1: MPEG-2 Part 3. Main article: The MPEG-2 Audio section, defined in Part 3 (ISO/IEC 13818-3) of the standard, enhances 's audio by allowing the coding of audio programs with more than two, up to 5.1 multichannel. This method is backwards-compatible (also known as MPEG-2 BC ), allowing MPEG-1 audio decoders to decode the two main stereo components of the presentation. MPEG-2 part 3 also defined additional bit rates and sample rates for, and. MPEG-2 BC (backward compatible with MPEG-1 audio formats). low bitrate encoding with halved sampling rate (MPEG-1 Layer // LSF - a.k.a.
MPEG-2 LSF - 'Low Sampling Frequencies'). multichannel encoding with up to 5.1 channels, a.k.a. MPEG-2 Part 7.
Main article: Part 7 (ISO/IEC 13818-7) of the MPEG-2 standard specifies a rather different, non-backwards-compatible audio format (also known as MPEG-2 NBC ). Part 7 is referred to as MPEG-2. Is more efficient than the previous MPEG audio standards, and is in some ways less complicated than its predecessor, MPEG-1 Audio, Layer 3, in that it does not have the hybrid filter bank. It supports from 1 to 48 channels at sampling rates of 8 to 96 kHz, with multichannel, multilingual, and multiprogram capabilities.
Advanced Audio is also defined in Part 3 of the standard. MPEG-2 NBC (Non-Backward Compatible). multichannel encoding with up to 48 channels ISO/IEC 13818 MPEG-2 standards are published as parts of ISO/IEC 13818.
Each part covers a certain aspect of the whole specification. Part 1 Systems – describes synchronization and multiplexing of video and audio. (It is also known as ITU-T Rec. Part 2 Video – for interlaced and non-interlaced video signals (Also known as ITU-T Rec. Part 3 Audio – for perceptual coding of audio signals. A multichannel-enabled extension and extension of bit rates and sample rates for MPEG-1 Audio Layer I, II and III of MPEG-1 audio. Part 4 Describes procedures for testing compliance.
Part 5 Describes systems for Software simulation. Part 6 Describes extensions for (Digital Storage Media Command and Control). Part 7 (AAC). Part 8 10-bit video extension. Primary application was studio video, allowing artifact-free processing without giving up compression.
Part 8 has been withdrawn due to lack of interest by industry. Part 9 Extension for real time interfaces. Part 10 Conformance extensions for DSM-CC. Part 11 Intellectual property management (IPMP) MPEG-2 Parts Part Number First public release date (First edition) Latest public release date (edition) Latest amend- ment Identical ITU-T Rec.
Title Description Part 1 1996 2015 2016 Systems 1996 2013 Video 1995 1998 Audio MPEG-2 BC - backwards compatible with MPEG-1 Audio Part 4 1998 2004 2009 Conformance testing Part 5 1997 2005 Software simulation Part 6 1998 1998 2001 Extensions for DSM-CC extensions for Digital Storage Media Command and Control 1997 2006 2007 Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) MPEG-2 NBC Audio - Non-Backwards Compatible with MPEG-1 Audio Part 8 dropped 10-Bit Video The work began in 1995, but was terminated in 2007 because of low industry interest. Part 9 1996 1996 Extension for real time interface for systems decoders Part 10 1999 1999 Conformance extensions for Digital Storage Media Command and Control (DSM-CC) Part 11 2004 2004 IPMP on MPEG-2 systems Intellectual Property Management and Protection on the MPEG-2 system (XML IPMP messages are also defined in ISO/IEC 23001-3 ) History MPEG-2 evolved out of the shortcomings of MPEG-1. MPEG-1's known weaknesses:. Gamespirit realtek mod. An audio compression system limited to two channels (stereo).
No standardized support for interlaced video with poor compression when used for interlaced video. Only one standardized 'profile' (Constrained Parameters Bitstream), which was unsuited for higher resolution video. MPEG-1 could support 4k video but there was no easy way to encode video for higher resolutions, and identify hardware capable of supporting it, as the limitations of such hardware were not defined. Support for only one, 4:2:0. Sakae Okubo of was also the coordinator for developing the video coding standard and the requirements chairman in for the MPEG-2 set of standards. By using a pattern of REPEATFIRSTFIELD flags on the headers of encoded pictures, pictures can be displayed for either two or three fields and almost any picture display rate (minimum ⅔ of the frame rate) can be achieved.
This is most often used to display 23.976 (approximately film rate) video on NTSC. See for more information on how this works. Audio + video bitrate.
Video peak 9.8 Mbit/s. Total peak 10.08 Mbit/s.
Minimum 300 kbit/s. Additional subtitles possible.
(NTSC only). Audio. (LPCM): 48 kHz or 96 kHz; 16- or 24-bit; up to six channels (not all combinations possible due to bitrate constraints).
MPEG Layer 2 (MP2): 48 kHz, up to 5.1 channels (required in PAL players only). (DD, also known as AC-3): 48 kHz, 32–448 kbit/s, up to 5.1 channels. (DTS): 754 kbit/s or 1510 kbit/s (not required for DVD player compliance).
NTSC DVDs must contain at least one LPCM or Dolby Digital audio track. PAL DVDs must contain at least one MPEG Layer 2, LPCM, or Dolby Digital audio track.
Players are not required to play back audio with more than two channels, but must be able to multichannel audio to two channels. GOP structure (Group Of Pictures). Sequence header must be present at the beginning of every GOP. Maximum frames per GOP: 18 (NTSC) / 15 (PAL), i.e. 0.6 seconds both. Closed GOP required for multi-angle DVDs HDV.
Main article: XDCAM is a professional file-based video recording format. DVB Application-specific restrictions on MPEG-2 video in the standard: Allowed resolutions for:. 720, 640, 544, 528, 480 or 352 × 480 pixel, 24/1.001, 24, 30/1.001 or 30 frame/s. 352 × 240 pixel, 24/1.001, 24, 30/1.001 or 30 frame/s. 720, 704, 544, 528, 480 or 352 × 576 pixel, 25 frame/s. 352 × 288 pixel, 25 frame/s For HDTV:.
720 x 576 x 50 frame/s progressive (576p50). 1280 x 720 x 25 or 50 frame/s progressive (720p50). 1440 or 1920 x 1080 x 25 frame/s progressive (1080p25 = film mode).
1440 or 1920 x 1080 x 25 frame/s interlace (1080i50) ATSC. Main article: The ATSC A/53 standard used in the United States, uses MPEG-2 video at the Main Profile @ High Level (MP@HL), with additional restrictions such as the maximum bitrate of 19.39 Mbit/s for broadcast television and 38.8 Mbit/s for cable television, 4:2:0 format, and mandatory colorimetry information. ATSC allows the following video resolutions, aspect ratios, and frame/field rates:. 1920 × 1080 pixel (16:9, square pixels), at 30p, 29.97p, 24p, 23.976p, 60i, 59.94i.
1280 × 720 pixel (16:9, square pixels), at 60p, 59.94p, 30p, 29.97p, 24p, or 23.976p. 704 × 480 pixel (4:3 or 16:9, non-square pixels), at 60p, 59.94p, 30p, 29.97p, 24p, 23.976p, 60i, or 59.94i.
640 × 480 pixel (4:3, square pixels), at 60p, 59.94p, 30p, 29.97p, 24p, 23.976p, 60i, or 59.94i ATSC standard A/63 defines additional resolutions and aspect rates for 50 Hz (PAL) signal. The ATSC specification and MPEG-2 allow the use of progressive frames, even within an interlaced video sequence. For example, a station that transmits 1080i60 video sequence can use a coding method where those 60 fields are coded with 24 progressive frames and metadata instructs the decoder to interlace them and perform 3:2 pulldown before display. This allows broadcasters to switch between 60 Hz interlaced (news, soap operas) and 24 Hz progressive (prime-time) content without ending the MPEG-2 sequence and introducing a several seconds of delay as the TV switches formats. This is the reason why 1080p30 and 1080p24 sequences allowed by the ATSC specification are not used in practice.
The 1080-line formats are encoded with 1920 × 1088 pixel luma matrices and 960 × 540 chroma matrices, but the last 8 lines are discarded by the MPEG-2 decoding and display process. ATSC A/72 is the newest revision of ATSC standards for digital television, which allows the use of H.264/AVC video coding format and 1080p60 signal. MPEG-2 audio was a contender for the ATSC standard during the ' shootout, but lost out to. ISDB-T Technical features of MPEG-2 in ATSC are also valid for, except that in the main TS has aggregated a second program for mobile devices compressed in H.264 AVC for video and -LC for audio, mainly known as.
Parts of this article (those related to this section) need to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Last update: 2012 (June 2016) All MPEG-2 patents is officially expired and can be used freely., a private patent licensing organization, has acquired rights from over 20 corporations and one university to license a of approximately 640 worldwide, which it claims are the 'essential' to use of MPEG-2 technology, although many of the patents have since expired. Where is upheld, the use of MPEG-2 requires the payment of licensing fees to the patent holders. Other patents are licensed. The development of the standard itself took less time than the patent negotiations. Patent pooling between essential and peripheral patent holders in the MPEG-2 pool is the subject of a study by the University of Wisconsin.
Over half of the patents expired in 2012. According to the MPEG-2 licensing agreement any use of MPEG-2 technology is subject to. MPEG-2 encoders are subject to a royalty of $2.00 per unit, decoders are subject to a royalty of $2.00 per unit, and royalty-based sales of encoders and decoders are subject to different rules and $2.50 per unit. Also, any packaged medium (DVDs/Data Streams) is subject to licence fees according to length of recording/broadcast.
A criticism of the MPEG-2 patent pool is that even though the number of patents will decrease from 1,048 to 416 by June 2013 the license fee has not decreased with the expiration rate of MPEG-2 patents. Since January 1, 2010, the MPEG-2 patent pool has remained at $2 for a decoding license and $2 for an encoding license. By 2015 more than 90% of the MPEG-2 patents will have expired but as long as there are one or more active patents in the MPEG-2 patent pool in either the country of manufacture or the country of sale the MPEG-2 license agreement requires that licensees pay a license fee that does not change based on the number of patents that have expired. Patents (U.S.
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Codec Mpeg Audio Layer 1/2/3![]()
Contents. Video Codecs Widely Used Video Codecs Most used Video Codecs Name FOURCC Playable Encoder library Comment MPEG-1 Part 2 mpeg, mp1v, mpg1, PIM1 Yes Yes libmpeg2, ffmpeg MPEG-2 Part 2 mp2v, mpg2, vcr2, hdv1, hdv2, hdv3, mx.n, mx.p Yes Yes libmpeg2, ffmpeg MJPEG (A/B) Yes Yes ffmpeg Divx (1, 2, 3) DIV1, DIV2, DIV3, mp41, mp42, MPG4, MPG3 Yes Yes ffmpeg DivX 4, 5, 6, 3ivx D4, MPEG-4 DIV4, DIV5, DIV6, col1, col0, 3ivd Yes Yes ffmpeg MPEG-4 Part 2 (AVP), Xvid DIVX, Xvid, mp4s, m4s2, xvid, mp4v, fmp4, 3iv2, smp4.
Yes Yes ffmpeg H.261 h261 Yes Yes ffmpeg H.262 h262 Yes Yes ffmpeg Same as MPEG-2 Video H.263 / H.263i h263 Yes Yes ffmpeg H.264 / X.264 (MPEG-4/AVC) (MPEG-4 Part.10) h264, s264, AVC1, DAVC, H264, X264, VSSH Yes Yes ffmpeg (decode), x264 (encode) Sorenson 1 (Quicktime) SVQ 1 Yes Yes ffmpeg Sorenson 3 (Quicktime) SVQ 3 Yes No ffmpeg DV Yes Yes ffmpeg Cinepak cvid Yes No internal, ffmpeg Theora thra Yes Yes, violated libtheora WMV 1/2 (7/8) wmv1, wmv2 Yes Yes ffmepg WMV 3 / WMV-9 / VC-1 wmv3, wvc1, wmva Yes No ffmpeg Not all profiles are supported.
I have two separate streams, one audio and one video stream. The video stream comes from an Axis IP Camera (h264) and the audio streams is from a Barix Instreamer (mpga). What I want to have is an single stream with the video from the IP camera and the audio from the audio encoder. I found out that this is called muxing, however I cannot find how to do this. Codec informatie from VLC Audio (can be adjusted in the Barix when necessary Type: Audio Codec: MPEG Audio Layer 1/2/3 (mpga) Channels: Stereo Sample rate: 24000 Hz Bitrate 160 kb/s Video Type: Video Codec: H264 - MPEG-4 AVC (part10)(h264) Resolution: 1280x720 The Wowza software is runnig on Ubuntu 11.04 Server x64. Can someone help me with this?
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